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Table of Contents :
Challenges and Prospects in the Protection and Provision of Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons in Borno State Nigeria
Esther Hatsiwa Emmanuel and Chinwe K. Okoli5
This paper gives thought to the exploitation of Niger’s natural resources by France, the European Union (EU), and the United States (US), among other countries. The objective of this paper is to deconstruct the exploitation of Niger’s uranium, gold, and coal, among other natural resources, and the surge in terrorism. This paper adopts qualitative secondary research as its methodology and resource curse theory as its theoretical framework. The gap that the paper bridges is that most research about the exploitation of Niger’s natural resources and the rise in terrorism ignores the involvement of France among other Western countries. Findings that develop from this paper reveal that France has exploited Niger’s natural resources since colonisation. Similarly, the EU and the US, among other countries, have been accomplices in the exploitation of Niger’s natural resources. Additionally, Western countries, namely France, the EU, and the US, including Britain and Russia, have been involved in supporting administrations or terrorists that advance their interests in Niger, among other issues. Further results show that successive administrations in Niger and those that took control through the coup in July 2023 enjoy the support of the major global powers.
Keywords: Terrorism, Mineral Resources, Exploitation, Sahel Region, Niger, EU, US, France, Russia
This article explores the relationship between masculinity and violent extremism, drawing on fieldwork in Mali. It investigates the concept of manhood among Dogon and Fulani and analyzes how masculine ideology shapes attitudes and behaviors toward extremist violence. Acknowledging extremism not only leads to people becoming displaced from their traditional occupations and lifestyles but also to changes in gender(ed) roles and “manly” expectations. Challenging traditional practices, it emphasizes a shift to modern expectations, including the importance of financial means and materialistic assets as rites to manhood. The research suggests that joining extremist groups has become an option for vulnerable men to meet masculine expectations, provide protection, and secure coveted positions. These findings underscore the need to consider intersectional masculinity to understand and prevent extremism in Mali and in central Sahel, specifically in rural areas. Keywords: #al-Qaeda #Gender #Islamic State #Mali #Masculinity #Sahel #Extremism
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